Monday 9 February 2015

Market Equilibrium,Shortage and Surplus (Week Four)

Definition of Market Equilibrium

Quantity Demanded (Qd) = Quantity supply (Qs)




Market Equilibrium price and quantity

The intersection of both the demand and supply curves.




Table 2.7: Determinant of equilibrium Price and Quantity

Price
(RM)
Quantity
Demanded (units)
Quantity Supplied
(units)
Market condition
1
10
2
shortage
2
8
4
shortage
3
6
6
Equilibrium
4
4
8
Surplus
5
2
10
Surplus

So, market equilibrium of price and quantity is:

Price : RM3

Quantity : 6 units





Market equilibrium based on mathematical form

The demand function and supply function for a goods in the market are as follow:

Qd = 140 - 10P
Qs = 20 + 10P

Where
Qd = Quantity demanded
Qs = Quantity supplied
P = Price





Shortage


  • The situation where the price was set up below than equilibrium price.
  • The quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied.








Surplus


  • The situation where the price was set up above than equilibrium price.
  • The quantity supplied is greater than the quantity demanded.


Changes in Demanded and supply

  1. The demand curve shifts and supply remains constant.
  2. The supply curve shift and demand remains constant.
  3. Both the demand and supply curves shift simultaneously.



Supply, demand and government policy



Maximum Price or Ceiling Price
  • From rising above a maximum level set by the government which can lead to shortage.
  • Below the equilibrium price (market price).
  • The price is not allowed to rise above this level but it is allowed to fall below it.



Minimum Price or Floor Price
  • From falling below a minimum level set by the government which can lead the surplus.
  • Above the equilibrium price (market price).
  • The price is not allowed to fall below this level but it is allowed to rise above it.